[AF] Jarabe de fenobarbital

[Martin Ramirez de Diego]

Te adjunto un pdf con una formula veterinaria oral, que igual te puede
servir también.

Lo que he leído en algunos autores es que la solubilidad en agua es de 1 a
1000 y en alcohol es de 1 a 10 pero obviamente en bebés el alcohol no
estaría permitido, ademas el fenobarbital no es recomendable tomarlo con
alcohol luego ...

Ayer cuando me refería a la rentabilidad de la formula, quería dejar
entrever, aunque sin explicarlo, que en estos casos igual es mejor contactar
con una farmacia de elaboración a terceros.

Un saludo a todos.

-----
Martín Ramírez de Diego

www.farmaciaramirezdediego.com
www.martinramirez.com

andecha33.blogspot.com
andecha34.blogspot.com

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Nota del admin.:
No os envíamos el pdf por razones de peso.
Os lo podéis descargar de:
http://compoundingtoday.com/ , previamente os 
dáis de alta (gratis durante un período corto 
de tiempo).
Os pegamos su contenido:

Phenobarbital,  2'2 g
Propylene glycol*  3'2 mL
Xanthan gum  200 mg
Aspartame  500 mg
Sodium saccharin 100 mg
Stevia powder 100 mg
Raspberry concentrate  3'33 mL
Peppermint spirit  13 drops
Simple syrup qs  100 mL

(Contributed by Harvey Ahl, Red Cross Drug, Blanchard, OK)
* See Caution, p. 217.

METHOD OF PREPARATION
1. Calculate the required quantity of each ingredient for the
total amount to be prepared.
2. Accurately weigh/measure each ingredient.
3. In a mortar, combine the phenobarbital, xanthan gum, aspartame,
sodium saccharin and stevia powder.
4. Add the propylene glycol and mix until a smooth paste is
formed.
5. Add the flavors and mix well.
6. Add sufficient simple syrup to volume and mix well.
7. Package and label.

PACKAGING
Package in tight, light-resistant containers.
LABELING
Shake well. Store in a refrigerator.
STABILITY
As there are no reported stability studies on this preparation, a
beyond-use date of 14 days when stored in a refrigerator can be
used.1
DISCUSSION
Phenobarbital is used in animals in the treatment of epilepsy, status
epilepticus and behavior modification. Doses for horses are in
the range of 4 to 10 mg/kg twice daily; for dogs, an initial dose of
2 to 5 mg/kg daily in two divided doses; and, for cats, a dose of 1.5
to 5 mg/kg twice daily.2 Phenobarbital occurs as white, odorless,
glistening, small crystals or a white crystalline powder. It is stable
in air and the pH of a saturated solution is about 5. It is soluble
1 g in about 1000 mL water and 10 mL of alcohol.3
Propylene glycol (C3H8O2) occurs as a clear, colorless, viscous,
practically odorless liquid with a sweet taste, somewhat resembling
glycerin. It has a specific gravity of 1.038 g/mL and is miscible with
95% ethanol, glycerin and water. It is hygroscopic and should be
stored in an airtight container and protected from light.4
Xanthan gum (corn sugar gum) is a high-molecular-weight
polysaccharide gum with a molecular weight of approximately
2x106. It occurs as a cream or white-colored, odorless, free-flowing
fine powder. It is soluble in cold or warm water but is practically
insoluble in ethanol. It is used as a stabilizing agent, and a
viscosity-increasing agent in suspensions. It is nontoxic and has good
stability and viscosity properties over a wide pH range.5
Aspartame (Nutrasweet®) is an off-white, almost odorless crystalline
powder with an intensely sweet taste and a molecular weight
of 294.31. It melts at 246 to 247°C and has a density of about 0.3
to 0.4 g/mL (bulk). Aspartame is sparingly soluble in water and only
slightly soluble in 95% ethanol. In aqueous solutions, its solubility
actually increases with a decrease in pH and an increase in temperature.
It also degrades during prolonged heating; this can be
minimized by using higher temperatures for short time periods,
followed by rapid cooling.6
Saccharin sodium (soluble saccharin, Sucaryl, Sweeta-with sorbitol)
is an intense sweetening agent with a molecular weight of
205 for the anhydrous form. It is a white, odorless or faintly aromatic,
efflorescent, crystalline powder with an intensely sweet
taste and a metallic aftertaste. It decomposes upon heating to a high
temperature (125°C) at a low pH (about pH 2). One gram is soluble
in about 1.2 mL water, 50 mL of 95% ethanol and 3.5 mL propylene
glycol.7
Syrup (simple syrup) is a clear, sweet vehicle used as a sweetening
agent and the base for many flavored and medicated syrups.
It contains 85% w/v sucrose in water and has a specific gravity of
not less than 1.30. It is generally self-preserving as long as the sucrose
concentration is maintained sufficiently high.
Stevia (honey leaf, yerba dulce) powder is a relatively new sweetening
agent. It is the extract from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana
Bertoni plant. It is natural, nontoxic, safe and occurs as a white,
crystalline, hygroscopic powder. It can be used in both hot and cold
preparations.8